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D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid

CAS No. : 13095-47-1

MCE 站：D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid

产品活性：D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-Hydroxyglutarate) 是神经代谢疾病 D-2-羟基戊二酸尿症中积累的主要代谢产物。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 是 α-酮戊二酸 (α-KG) 的弱竞争拮抗剂，可抑制多种 α-KG 依赖性双加氧酶 (dioxygenases)，K_i 为 10.87 mM。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 可增加活性氧 (ROS) 的产生。D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid 还可结合并抑制 ATP 合酶并抑制 mTOR 信号传导。

研究领域：Immunology/Inflammation  |  NF-κB  |  Metabolic Enzyme/Protease  |  Membrane Transporter/Ion Channel  |  PI3K/Akt/mTOR

作用靶点：Reactive Oxygen Species  |  ATP Synthase  |  mTOR  |  Endogenous Metabolite

In Vitro: D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid ((R)-2-hydroxyglutarate) accumulates in human cancers carrying neomorphic mutations in the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) 1 and 2 genes.
A partial inhibition of KDM7A toward both H3K9me2 and H3K27me2 peptides is observed in the presence of 50 mM D-2-HG and 100 μM α-ketoglutarate (α-KG). Addition of 300 μM α-KG is capable of reversing the inhibition of Caenorhabditis elegans KDM7A (CeKDM7A) by 50 mM D-2-HG, indicating that D-2-HG is a weak competitive inhibitor against α-KG toward the CeKDM7A demethylase.
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid is a weak inhibitor of TET hydroxylases. In the presence of 0.1 mM of α-KG, addition of 10 mM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid results in a partial (33%) inhibition of TET2 and addition of 50 mM D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid results in more inhibition (83%) of TET2. D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid exhibits a less pronounced inhibitory effect toward TET1.

In Vivo: D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid strongly inhibits glucose utilization, CO₂ production and the respiratory chain in rat cerebral cortex and human skeletal muscle, as well as in submitochondrial particles from bovine heart, suggesting an impairment of the aerobic metabolism.
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid has also been proposed as an endogenous excitotoxic organic acid because it significantly decreased cell viability in neuronal cultures from chick embryo telencephalons and from neonatal rat hippocampus through stimulation of specific NMDA glutamate receptors.
D-α-Hydroxyglutaric acid (0.01-1 mM) significantly increases chemiluminescence and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBA-RS) and decreased total antioxidant reactivity (TAR) values in the cortical supernatants in 30-day-old-rats.

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