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(±)-Carnitine chloride

CAS No. : 461-05-2

MCE 站：(±)-Carnitine chloride

产品活性：(±)-Carnitine chloride 有D和L两种异构体。L-carnitine在脂肪酸的β-氧化中起重要作用，也具有抗氧化作用和抗炎活性。

研究领域：Immunology/Inflammation  |  NF-κB  |  Metabolic Enzyme/Protease

作用靶点：Reactive Oxygen Species

In Vitro: The main role of L-carnitine is to shuttle long-chain fatty acids across the inner mitochondrial membrane. After L-carnitine and acyl-CoA become acyl-carnitine by activation of carnitine palmitoyl transferase (CPT)-I, the transported acyl-carnitine is changed into acyl-CoA by CPT-II in the mitochondria matrix. Palmitoyl-CoA-induced mitochondrial respiration is increased by L-carnitine treatment, and then is accelerated by the presence of ADP. This acceleration is induced by treatment with L-carnitine in a concentration-dependent manner, and is saturated at 5 mM L-carnitine. Pretreatment with L-carnitine augments Nrf2 nuclear translocation, DNA binding activity and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression in H₂O₂-treated HL7702 cells. L-carnitine protects HL7702 cells against H₂O₂-induced cell damage through Akt-mediated activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.

In Vivo: L-carnitine is found to down-regulate the ubiquitin proteasome pathway and increase IGF-1 concentrations in animal models. L-carnitine administration for 2 weeks of hindlimb suspension alleviates the decrease in weight and fiber size in the soleus muscle. In addition, L-carnitine suppresses atrogin-1 mRNA expression, which has been reported to play a pivotal role in muscle atrophy. Simultaneous treatment with L-carnitine attenuates the renal fibrosis (which correlated with a reduction of plasma TGF-β1 levels) and the pro-oxidative and proinflammatory status reported in L-NAME groups, with a concomitant increase in the expression of PPAR-γ.

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